Long-grain brown rice (Oryza sativa) is a whole grain with the nutrient-rich bran and germ layers left intact, giving it a nutty flavor and pleasantly chewy texture. It provides manganese, magnesium, phosphorus, B vitamins, fiber, and protective plant compounds, including ferulic acid and γ-oryzanol. Compared with white rice, brown rice undergoes less milling and retains substantially more of the nutrients and phytochemicals naturally concentrated in the outer layers of the grain.