Parmesan is a firm, aged cow's milk cheese with a rich, savory flavor and granular texture. Traditional Parmigiano-Reggiano is produced in designated regions of Italy and undergoes prolonged aging that concentrates its protein, calcium, phosphorus, and flavor while breaking down much of the milk protein into smaller peptides and free amino acids. One ounce provides about 10 grams of complete protein and 335 mg of calcium, along with phosphorus, vitamin B12, zinc, and a rich amino acid profile. Its concentrated flavor makes a relatively small amount useful for adding depth to pasta, vegetables, soups, salads, eggs, risotto, and other savory dishes.