Raw shelled pistachios are the edible seeds of the pistachio tree (Pistacia vera), a small tree native to Central and Western Asia. Their distinctive green and purple coloring reflects an unusual concentration of plant pigments, including lutein, chlorophylls, anthocyanins, and other polyphenols. Pistachios provide protein, fiber, vitamin B6, copper, predominantly unsaturated fats, plant sterols, and the carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin. Their naturally rich flavor and crisp texture make them easy to eat by the handful or add to salads, grain dishes, yogurt, oatmeal, pesto, baked goods, desserts, and both Mediterranean and Middle Eastern dishes.