What is Cortisol?
Cortisol is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that acts as a master messenger, influencing blood sugar regulation, immune signaling, thyroid function, and sex hormone balance. When cortisol rhythms are disrupted, the body can remain locked in survival mode, even after major stressors have been addressed.
Cortisol is not a “stress problem” to eliminate. It is an essential survival hormone that allows the body to respond appropriately to demand. In healthy physiology, cortisol rises when needed and recedes when the signal has passed. Problems arise when stress signals never fully turn off, keeping cortisol either chronically elevated or insufficiently responsive. This loss of flexibility reduces the body’s ability to adapt, recover, and regulate itself efficiently, contributing to fatigue, mood changes, and metabolic strain over time.
Under healthy conditions, cortisol follows a natural circadian rhythm. Levels rise in the early morning, typically between 6 and 8 a.m., to support alertness, energy, and metabolic readiness. From there, cortisol should gradually decline throughout the day, reaching its lowest point around midnight to allow for deep sleep and cellular repair.
Chronic stress—whether physical, emotional, or biochemical—can flatten, spike, or invert this rhythm. Ongoing inflammation, food sensitivities, poor gut health, unresolved trauma, infections, toxin exposure, excessive caffeine intake, and nutrient depletion all place continuous demand on the stress response system.
When cortisol is out of balance, downstream effects often appear across multiple systems. Blood sugar becomes unstable, sleep quality declines, hormones lose their natural communication patterns, and energy becomes unpredictable. This is why cortisol regulation comes after restoring nourishment, digestion, protein intake, and sleep. Once these foundations are in place, the body is far more responsive to recalibration.